Dyslexia lies in the family
Dyslexia is one of the most common learning truths. For a long time, it was suspected that the hereditary property plays an essential role in this reading spelling spelling. The researchers sought and found the corresponding genes in recent years. In the conference of the American society for Humangenetik, US scientists presented their proof that there is a deviation on the gene DCDC2 in terms of considered consideration. A German-Swedish research team also confirms this result.
Handling language is preferably still the term Dyslexia used in 1916 by the neurologist Paul Ranschburg to the "Reading and writing of childhood" call. Experts rather speak today Reading and spelling (curted LRS) because that is perceived as less discriminatory. That "International classification scheme for psychological trains "ICD-10 of the World Health Organization (WHO) distinguishes the Isolated spelling trying and the Reading spelling trying (Point F81).
Reading and spelling meetings are in families
Between 5 and 17 percent of all children suffer from reading and spelling. Typical for she is that you read very slowly, often stick, lose the line in the text, but also unsubscribe words or syllables, swap or add it. It is also striking that there are rough problems with the spelling, especially in dictations: words are written wrong, often several times differently wrong. Some words are reproduced only fragment, and the text of grammar and punctuation errors (Federal Association Diashenia and Dyscalculia) are teeming.
Studies with neurological imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), showed when reading deviating brain activities in dyslexic acids (dyslexia in Chinese) – whereby the fall numbers in the investigations are often very low and also the brain a highest Complex and previously little understood organ is (with Pepsi drinkers, it lights up in Prafrontal Cortex).
Dyslexters are not lower-gifted or stupid than others, they are not lazy or not learning, they only need special workouts, Z.B. Marburger spelling training to read and write error free. The disturbance is not curable, who is dyslexist, remains the life long. In Germany, this is still perceived as a stigma and only a few others than those affected. In other countries, there is more open, there are prominent dyslexics such as Orlando Bloom, Keira Knightly, Tom Cruise, John Irving or Robbie Williams publicly to this weak.
It is located in the family
When science began to work with the reading and spelling, it was quick to realize that it was genetic influence or. give a familiar edition. With a dyslectic in the family, the probability rises to find more in the relatives. Twin studies confirmed that genetic dispositions exist (to genetics of reading spelling venues). In the last 30 years, clinical trials showed that 50 percent of parents’ children suffer from the reading and spelling trying, as well as 50 percent of the twin siblings.
At a meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics in Salt Lake City, Haiying Meng presented by Yale University and his colleagues to their investigation into the Gen DCDC2 or. his influence on the dyslexia. At the same time, they published their study "DCDC2 IS Associated with Reading Disability and Modules Neuronal Development in the Brain" in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAs).
For more long, genes were suspected of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 15 and 18, brain functions so that learning of reading and writing is hindered. The team around Meng examined 536 people from 153 families, taking special DNS markers with a closer look at statistical methods. They found a gene deviation on chromosome 6, which is obviously associated with dyslexia. The affected missing DNS sections co-author Jeffrey R. Gruen from Yale University fine:
Now we have strong statistical evidence that with a coarse number of dyslexic cases – maybe up to twenty percent – from gene DCDC2. The genetic deviation on this chromosome consists of a long deletion [mutation in the chromosome sections are missing] of a regulatory area. The gene plays an important role in the brain’s reading center, where it controls the migration of nerve cells. This architecture of the cerebral cycle is necessary for normal reading.
Europe with the same finding
This result is confirmed by a German-Swedish scientist team around Johannes Schumacher from the University Hospital. The article with the results (Strong Genetic Evidence for DCDC2 AS A SUSCEPTILITIBILITY GENE FOR DYSLEXIA) appears in the January ie of the American Journal of Human Genetics, but is already available online. This research group also identified the gene DCDC2 in blood samples from families with at least one child affected by reading spelling. DCDC2 probably plays a particularly important role in the processing of voice information during writing. "The gene (short: DCDC2 gene) apparently plays a role in the development of the brain, more precisely in the migration of nerve cells in the developing brain", explains Markus Nothen from the Life Brain Center of the University of Bonn, who was responsible for molecular work with his working group. The details of the function of this deviation in the genome are still unclear. But it is characterized in that several genes cooperate.